Archaeologists working in southern Africa have discovered hundreds of engraved ostrich eggshell fragments, which are more than 60,000 years old. These fragments were created by groups of Homo sapiens living in the region. The engravings on the eggshells have revealed a surprisingly sophisticated human mind, with recurring geometric principles involving parallel lines, right-angle relationships, and repeated regular patterns.
The researchers, led by the University of Bologna, conducted a systematic quantitative analysis of 112 fragments recovered from two archaeological sites in South Africa and one in Namibia. They used geometric and statistical techniques to examine the engravings in detail.
The ostrich eggshells were likely used as containers for carrying or storing water. The team reconstructed the directions, angles, and paths of the engraved lines, showing that more than 80% of the configurations contained consistent spatial patterns. Angles close to 90° appeared repeatedly, as did sets of parallel lines.
Related: Humans and dogs have evolved together for 15,000 years
According to the report, the engravings are organized and consistent, and show mastery of geometric relationships. There is not only a process of repeating signs, but also real visuo-spatial planning, as if the authors already had an overall image of the figure in mind before engraving it.
The researchers emphasize that the importance of the engravings goes beyond whatever meaning the individual markings may once have carried. Their broader significance lies in the mental abilities required to create visual designs according to consistent rules. The capacity to arrange shapes and lines in organized configurations may represent an important sign of emerging abstract thought.
Valentina Decembrini, PhD student at the University of Bologna, notes that the analysis shows Homo sapiens 60,000 years ago already possessed a remarkable ability to organize visual space according to abstract principles. Transforming simple forms into complex systems by following defined rules is a deeply human trait that has characterized our history over millennia.
The study provides a unique window into the early abstract thought of Homo sapiens. It suggests that the ability to create complex geometric patterns is a fundamental aspect of human cognition, one that has been present for tens of thousands of years.
Related: Katie Thomas proves strength has no symmetry
In this discovery, the broader context of human evolution and the development of abstract thought is notable. The ability to create and understand complex geometric patterns is a key aspect of human cognition, and one that has been essential to our survival and success as a species.
This discovery provides a fascinating glimpse into the early development of this ability, and highlights the sophistication and complexity of the human mind, even in its earliest forms.
The research was conducted as part of the FIS Advanced project SAPIENCE, directed by Professor Silvia Ferrara, in collaboration with Professor Enza Spinapolice of Sapienza University of Rome. The study’s findings have significant implications for our understanding of human evolution and the development of abstract thought, and provide a unique insight into the lives and abilities of our ancient ancestors.
Leave a Reply