Optimistic assumptions are made by proponents of ideologies corresponding to transhumanism and singularitarianism, which view technological improvement as typically having helpful effects for the society and the human situation. Human’s technological ascent began in earnest in what is recognized as the Neolithic Period (“New Stone Age”). The invention of polished stone axes was a major advance that allowed forest clearance on a large scale to create farms. This use of polished stone axes elevated tremendously within the Neolithic, however have been initially used within the previous Mesolithic in some areas similar to Ireland.

Virtual technology, such as laptop software and business methods, fall beneath this definition of technology. Brian Arthur defines technology in a similarly broad means as “a method to satisfy a human function.” The easiest form of technology is the development and use of primary instruments. The prehistoric invention of formed stone tools followed by the invention of …